Ôn tập Tiếng Anh 9 - Chuyên đề: The subjunctive mood (Câu giả định)

Nội dung tài liệu: Ôn tập Tiếng Anh 9 - Chuyên đề: The subjunctive mood (Câu giả định)

1. TRƯỜNG THCS CHÂU KHÊ Tên chuyên đề: THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD( Câu giả định) NỘI DUNG CHUYÊN ĐỀ I/ Mục đích – Yêu cầu: 1/ Mục đích: Cung cấp kiến thức tổng quát về thức giả định trong tiếng anh (giả định với tính từ, động từ, với câu điều kiện, câu ước (wish), với it’s time) Cung cấp cho học sinh các dạng giả định cụ thể với các cấu trúc chi tiết và ví dụ minh họa 2/ Yêu cầu: Sau chuyên đề: Học sinh nắm vững lý thuyết về các dạng câu giả định Có thể giải quyết các dạng bài tập như chia động từ, hoàn thành câu và chọn đáp án thích hợp 3/ Kiến thức trọng tâm: Giả định với câu ước (wish),giả định với câu điều kiện, giả định với động từ, giả định với tính từ II/ Phần lý thuyết: SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD (GIẢ ĐỊNH) A. ĐỊNH NGHĨA Câu giả định (subjunctive) là loại câu mà đối tượng thứ nhất muốn đối tượng thứ hai làm việc gì. Câu giả định có tính chất cầu khiến chứ không phải mang tính chất ép buộc như câu mệnh lệnh B. CÁCH SỬ DỤNG ➢ Câu giả định chủ yếu được sử dụng để nói đến những sự việc không chắc chắn sẽ xảy ra. Ví dụ: Chúng ta sử dụng khi nói về những sự việc mà một ai đó:
2. - muốn xảy ra - dự đoán sẽ xảy ra - xảy ra trong tưởng tượng ➢ Trong câu giả định, người ta dùng dạng nguyên thể không có to hoặc dạng should+ Vnguyên thể không “to”của các động từ sau một số động từ chính mang tính cầu khiến. ➢ Thường có that trong câu giả định trừ một số trường hợp đặc biệt. C. PHÂN LOẠI 1. Động từ giả định Các động từ đỏi hỏi, mệnh đề sau phải ở dạng giả định Suggest Ask Demand Insist Propose Recommend Request Stipulate Urge Advise Decree Order Prefer Move (thúc giục) Require command Cấu trúc giả định: S1+ V1 + that+ S2+ (should)+V 2(inf without to)+ O Trong đó: V1: là một trong các động từ thể hiện sự đòi hỏi, yêu cầu như bảng trên, V2: ở dạng nguyên thể không chia với mọi ngôi Ví dụ: The doctor suggested that Tom stop smoking. I demand that I be allowed to be free now. Note: Chúng ta cũng có thể dùng Verb nguyên thể không to trong cấu trúc trên bằng "should + infinitive". Ví dụ: The doctor suggested that Tom should stop smoking. I demand that I should be allowed to be free now. Note: ➢ Trong câu nhất định phải có that ➢ Muốn thành lập dạng phủ định thì đặt “not” sau S2, trước V(inf without to)
3. Ví dụ: My boss required that we not use the office phone for personal call 2. Tính từ giả định Các tính từ đòi hỏi mệnh đề sau phải ở dạng giả định Advised Important Recommended Critical Mandatory Required Crucial Necessary Suggested Essential Obligatory urgent Imperative Proposed Vital Cấu trúc giả định: It+ tobe+ adj+ that+ S2+ (should)+ V(inf without to) Ví dụ: It is necessary that he register the subjects the term begins. It has been proposed that we change the topic. It is important that you remember this question. 3. Danh từ giả định Các danh từ xuất phát từ những động từ và tính từ trên đều buộc mệnh đề sau nó phải ở dạng giả định Advice Demand Preference Requirement Asking Insistence Proposal Stipulation Command Move Recommendation Suggestion Decree Order Request urge Cấu trúc giả định: N+ that+ S2+ (should)+ V(inf without to). Ví dụ: The proposal that she get married to him makes her worried. It is a recommendation from a doctor that the patient stop smoking. He made a suggestion that his wife not go to work. 4. Câu điều ước “wish-If only” “Wish” là giả định khi nó diễn rả ước muốn trái ngược với hiện tại, quá khứ. 4.1: Câu điều ước không có thực ở hiện tại. Ví dụ: I don’t know the answer. -> I wish I knew the answer. Cấu trúc: Wish+ (that)+ S+ V(past).
4. Note: trong câu ước không có thật ở hiện tại, dùng “were” nếu là động từ tobe với tất cả các ngôi Ví dụ: I wish I were rich. 4.2: Câu điều ước không có thực ở quá khứ. Ví dụ: I didn’t go to the party.-> I wish I had gone to the party. Cấu trúc: wish + (that)+ S+ had+ Vp2. 4.3: Câu điều ước thể hiện sự phàn nàn hoặc muốn ai đó làm gì Ví dụ: I wish they would stop making noise. Cấu trúc: wish+ (that) + S+ would+ Vinf. Note: If only : giá như Các dùng của “if only” tương tự “I wish” nhưng mang nghĩa trang trọng hơn. If only I were the best student in class. If only you would drive slowly. 5. Câu trúc giả định trong câu điều kiện 5.1: Câu điều kiện loại 2: diễn tả điều không có thực trong hiện tại Cấu trúc: If + S+ Ved/were, S+ would/could/might+ Vinf. Ví dụ: I work at night, so I can’t attend evening class. I didn’t work at night, I could attend evening class. 5.2: Câu điều kiện loại 3: diễn tả điều không có thực trong quá khứ Cấu trúc: If+ S+ had+ Vp2, S+ would/could/might+ have+ Vp2 Ví dụ: I didn’t study hard, so I couldn’t finish the test. If I had studied hard, I could have finished the test. 6. Câu giả định dùng với “It is time” (đã đến lúc) 6.1: Trái với hiện tại Cấu trúc: It’s time/high time/about time+ S + Vpast.
5. (đã đến lúc ai đó làm gì, thực tế chưa làm) Ví dụ: It’s time you concentrated on learning English subject. The exam is coming. It’s time you studied harder. 6.2: Trái với quá khứ Cấu trúc: It was time/high time/about time+ S+ had+ Vp2. Ví dụ: It was time they had left for the office. It was high time he had studied harder for the final exam. 7. Câu giả định dùng “As if, as though” (cứ như thể là) 7.1: Diễn đạt hành động không có thật ở hiện tại Cấu trúc: As if/ As though + S + Ved/were. Ví dụ: It is very cold now. It looks as if/as though it were winter now. 7.2: Diễn đạt hành động không có thật ở quá khứ Cấu trúc: As if/ As though + S+ had+ Vp2 Ví dụ: The whole were seriously damaged. It looked as if it had been destroyed by bombs. 7.3: Diễn tả hành động có thật Cấu trúc: As if/ As though+ S+ Vs/es Ví dụ: It looks as though it is going to rain. 8.Câu giả định với WOULD RATHER THAT Trong tiếng Anh, cấu trúc giả định với would rather that được dùng trong các trường hợp như sau: 8.1. Cấu trúc giả định với ‘would rather’ ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai Trong cấu trúc giả định này, động từ sau chủ ngữ thứ 2 sẽ chia ở thì quá khứ đơn. Tuy nhiên riêng với động từ “to be” phải chia thành “were” ở tất cả các ngôi trong tiếng Anh.
6. Cấu trúc: S1 + would rather that + S2 + V-ed/PI Ví dụ: I would rather it were spring now. (Tôi mong bây giờ là mùa xuân) Tom would rather Lien bought that laptop. (Tôm mong Liên mua chiếc máy tính đó.) 8.2. Cấu trúc giả định với ‘would rather’ ở quá khứ Cấu trúc giả định với ‘would rather’ ở quá khứ thể hiện mong muốn, nuối tiếc vì một điều gì đó trong quá khứ. Cấu trúc: S1 + would rather that + S2 + had + V-ed/PII Ví dụ: Linh would rather his new friend had called him yesterday. (Linh muốn người bạn mới của anh ấy gọi mình vào hôm qua.) My mother would rather that I had gone to school yesterday. (Mẹ tôi mong tôi đã đi học vào hôm qua.) III/ Phần bài tập vận dụng thực hành: Exercise 1: Choose the best answer among a,b,c, or d to complete the sentences. 1. I wish I ___ to retake my exams. a. do not have b. will not have c. am about d. did not have 2. The spacemen felt as if he ___ in a paradise. a. had been b. falls c. fall d. has fallen 3. He was advised that he ___ singing lessons A. should take B.will take C. had taken D. took 4. I wish another more effective teaching method___ used. a. is b. was c. were d. has been 5. She wishes she ___ a fairy now.
7. a. was b. were c. is d. were 6. She spent money as if she always___ plenty of it. a. have b. had c. had had d. should have 7. She spends money as if she always___ plenty of it. a. has b. have c. has had d. had 8. She talks too much but I wish she___ a. didn't b. doesn't c. won't d. wouldn't 9. They will drink wine but I wish they___ a. didn't b. don't c. won't d. wouldn't 10. She made lot of mistakes but I wish she___ a. didn't b. hadn't c. wouldn't d. did 11. My wife wishes she___ the guitar now a. could play b. can play c. could have playedd. plays 12. Yesterday he missed the lesson. He wishes he___ it. a. didn't miss b. hadn't miss c. hasn't missed d. hadn't missed 13. I suggest that the doctor___ up his mind without delay. a. makes b. make c. made d. is to make 14. If I were you, I ___ ask the doctor for advice. A. would B. will C. must D. can 15. I am not a teacher of English, but suppose I ___, then I __ set up a language centre. a. am/ can b. were/ can c. was/ could d. were/could 16. His friends suggest that the ___ for that post. a. applies b. apply c. applying d. will apply 17.It’s high time you to study harder since last year, you had a very bad result. a.will start b. start c. started d. to start 18. It is necessary that children___ of their old parents. a. to take care b. takes care c. took care d. take are 19. I wish this English course___ the whole year. a. will last b. may last c. lasted d. last 20. It is essential that the sponsor___ the file early.
8. a. make b. makes c. made d. making Exercise 2 : Choose the sentence that has the same meaning as the given one. 1. I regret not having said goodbye to her at the airport. A. I wish I don’t say good-bye to her at the airport B. I wish I hadn’t said good-bye to her at the airport. C. I wish I say good-bye to her at the airport. D. I wish I had said good-bye to her at the airport. 2.I am not a rich businessman and I can’t afford to buy an expensive car. -If ___ A.If I were a rich businessman, I could afford to buy an expensive car. B.If I was a rich businessman, I could afford to buy an expensive car. C.If I were a rich businessman, I afford to buy an expensive car. D.If I were a businessman rich , I could afford to buy an expensive car. 3. “Why don’t you put your luggage under the seat?” - He suggested ___. A.He suggested (that) I (should) putted my luggage under the seat B.He suggested (that) I (should) puts my luggage under the seat C.He suggested (that) I (should) put my luggage under the seat D.He suggested (that) I (should) putting my luggage under the seat 4. I can’t have my bike repaired because I don’t have enough money. – I wish A. I wish I have enough money to repair my bike. B. I wish I had had enough money to repair my bike. C. I wish I had enough money to repair my bike. D. I wish I have had enough money to repair my bike. 5. It’s a pity. We cannot enjoy the party. – We wish . A. We wish we enjoy the party. B. We wish we could enjoyed the party. C. We wish we could enjoy the party. D. We wish we can enjoy the party. 6. I don’t have a map, so I can’t show you the way. - If ___ A. If I had a map, I could show you the way. B. If I have a map, I could show you the way. C. If I had a map, I can show you the way. D. If I have a map, I can show you the way. 7.I think you should spend more time improving your pronunciation. - If I were .
9. A. If I were you, I would spend more time improving my pronunciation. B. If I were you, I wouldn’t spend more time improving my pronunciation. C. If I were you, I will spend more time improving my pronunciation. D. If I were you, I should spend more time improving my pronunciation. 8.Susan regretted not buying that villa. A. Susan wished she had bought that villa B. Susan wished she bought that villa. C. Susan wished she could buy that villa. D. Susan wished she hadn’t bought that villa. 9. “ Why don't you have your room repainted?" said Viet to Nam. A. Viet suggested having Nam's room repainted. B. Viet suggested that Nam should have his room repainted. C. Viet asked Nam why you didn't have your room repainted. D. Viet wanted to know why Nam doesn't have his room repainted 10. What a pity! Ben isn’t here. – If only A. If only Ben were not here. B. If only Ben were here. C. If only Ben isn’t here. D. If only Ben wasn’t here. Exercise 3: Choose the underlined part that needs correcting in the following sentences. 1.I wish today is sunny so that I could spend the day in the country . A B C D 2.If I were you, I didn’tbuy that expensive car A B C D 3. I sometimes I wish that I will have another car. A B C D 4. They suggest that we must book a hotel by Ha Long Bay. A B C D 5. I recommended that he must come on time for the interview.
10. A B C D Exercise 4: Put the verbs into correct form. 1. He suggested that I ___ ready by eight o'clock. (to be) 2. We request that she ___ ___ the window. (to open) 3. They recommended that he ___ ___ to Bermuda. (to fly) 4. The request that we ___ ___ ready to leave at six is a nuisance. (to be) 5. The recommendation that she ___ ___ a holiday was carried out. (to take) 6. It is necessary that you ___ ___ able to come with us. (to be) 7. I wish it (not rain) ___heavily last Sunday. 8. It is important that he ___ ___ everything he can. (to learn) 9. The demand that she ___ ___ the report has been carried out. (to complete) 10. I wish I (know) ___something about computers. 11. I wish the traffic (not make) ___ so much noise everyday. 12. It’s high time the children (prepare) ___their lesson. They are watching TV now. 13. If only it (be) ___ warm and sunny today. I’m fed up with snow and cold. 14.Everybody was exhausted. It looked as if they (work) ___ hard. 15.I’d rather my teacher (give) ___ fewer compositions tonight. Exercise 5: Write the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. 1. I would love to be rich and famous. –> If only . 2. I’d love to be in a secluded beach in Mexico. –> I wish 3. I really think you ought to acquire a few manners. –> It’s high time 4. I’m really sorry I didn’t invite her to the party. –> I really wish I
11. 5. Please don’t say things like that. –> I wish Exercise 6: Write the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. 1. Why don’t you ask her yourself ? - My friend suggests that ___ 2. She urged her husband to apply for the post in the government. - She urged that her husband ___ 3. They insisted on my coming early. - They insisted that ___ 4. An accountant needs to master computer science. - It is necessary that ___ 5. It’s time for us to leave now. - It’s time we ___ 6. What a pity! Your sister can’t come with us. - If only ___ 7. Everyone find it important for us to do something save the environment. - It is important that we ___ 8. Michael lost his job last month, so he cannot buy a car. - If Michael ___ 9. He regrets applying for the job in that company. - He wishes ___ 10. The headmaster insists on every schoolgirl’s wearing ao dai every Monday. - The headmaster insists that ___ ĐÁP ÁN Exercise 1
12. 1d 2a 3a 4c 5b 6c 7d 8a 9d 10b 11a 12d 13b 14a 15d 16b 17c 18d 19c 20a Exercise 2: 1.D 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.C 6. A 7. A 8.A 9.B 10.B Exercise 3: 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.B Exercise 4: 1. He suggested that I ___be___ ready by eight o'clock. (to be) 2. We request that she ___open___ ___ the window. (to open) 3. They recommended that he ___fly___ ___ to Bermuda. (to fly) 4. The request that we ___ _be___ ready to leave at six is a nuisance. (to be) 5. The recommendation that she __take___ ___ a holiday was carried out. (to take) 6. It is necessary that you ___be___ ___ able to come with us. (to be) 7. I wish it (not rain) ___hadn’t rained___ heavily last Sunday. 8. It is important that he __learn___ ___ everything he can. (to learn) 9. The demand that she ___complete___ the report has been carried out. (to complete) 10. I wish I (know) ___knew___something about computers. 11. I wish the traffic (not make) __didn’t make___ so much noise everyday. 12. It’s high time the children__ prepared__their lesson. They are watching TV now. 13. If only it (be) _were___ warm and sunny today. I’m fed up with snow and cold. 14. Everybody was exhausted. It looked as if they (work) __had worked___ hard. 15. My neighbors always treat us as if we (be) ___were___ their servants. Exercise 5: 1. I would love to be rich and famous. –> If only I were rich and famous
13. 2. I’d love to be in a secluded beach in Mexico. –> I wish I were in a secluded beach in Mexico 3. I really think you ought to acquire a few manners. –> It’s high time you acquired a few manners. 4. I’m really sorry I didn’t invite her to the party. –> I really wish I had invited her to the party. 5. Please don’t say things like that. –> I wish you didn’t say things like that. Exercise 6: 1. Why don’t you ask her yourself ? - My friend suggests that I should ask her myself 2. She urged her husband to apply for the post in the government. - She urged that her husband apply for the post in the government. 3. They insisted on my coming early. - They insisted that I come early 4. An accountant needs to master computer science. - It is necessary that an account master computer science 5. It’s time for us to leave now. - It’s time we left now. 6. What a pity! Your sister can’t come with us. - If only your sister could come with us. 7. Everyone find it important for us to do something save the environment. - It is important that we do something save the environment. 8. Michael lost his job last month, so he cannot buy a car. - If Michael hadn’t lost his job last month, he would have bought a car. 9. He regrets applying for the job in that company. - He wishes he hadn’t applied for the job in that company. 10. The headmaster insists on every schoolgirl’s wearing ao dai every Monday. - The headmaster insists that every schoolgirl wear ao dai every Monday,
14. IV/ Phần kết luận: ➢ Câu giả định mang tính chất cầu khiến ➢ Câu giả định phải có that ➢ Động từ sau that luôn ở dạng nguyên thể không chia