Ôn tập Tiếng Anh 9 - Chuyên đề: The inversion (Đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh)

Nội dung tài liệu: Ôn tập Tiếng Anh 9 - Chuyên đề: The inversion (Đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh)

1. Chuyên đề: THE INVERSION (ĐẢO NGỮ TRONG TIẾNG ANH) I. MỤC ĐÍCH CHUYÊN ĐỀ Đảo ngữ là một chủ đề khó và rất dễ quên. Đảo ngữ đề cập tới hiện tượng động từ không theo qui tắc trong câu. Trong trường hợp này, dạng thức nghi vấn (có cấu trúc: trợ động từ + chủ ngữ + động từ chính) nằm ngay trong cấu trúc câu khẳng định. Chuyên đề này sẽ giới thiệu một số dạng đảo ngữ chính. II. KIẾN THỨC CƠ BẢN A. Định nghĩa Trong một số trường hợp các phó từ không đứng ở vị trí bình thường của nó mà đảo lên đứng ở đầu câu nhằm nhấn mạnh vào hành động của chủ ngữ. Người ta gọi đó là câu đảo ngữ. Trong trường hợp đó ngữ pháp sẽ thay đổi, đằng sau phó từ đứng đầu câu là trợ động từ rồi mới đến chủ ngữ và động từ chính. Ví dụ: Little did I know that he was a compulsive liar. At no time (= never) did I say I would accept late homework. Để nhấn mạnh ý nào trong câu mà mình muốn diễn đạt, ta dùng phép đảo ngữ. Thông thường, phép đảo ngữ được thực hiện bằng cách đưa một trạng từ hoặc một cụm trạng ngữ ra đầu câu, đồng thời đảo trợ động từ hay động từ khiếm khuyết lên trước chủ ngữ hoặc tự dộng thêm trợ động từ “DO/ DOES” cho câu ở thì hiện tại hay “DID” cho câu ở thì quá khứ. V + S + V + O Cấu trúc của câu nhấn mạnh bắt đầu bằng: Only, Only by, Never, Until, Not until, Not only, No sooner, In no circumstances (chẳng trong trường hợp nào), in no where else(chẳng có ở một nơi nào khác)  No longer, Only when (chỉ khi) B. Nội dung: Các cấu trúc của câu đảo ngữ I. Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ tần suất (thường là các trạng từ mang nghĩa phủ định) Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever + trợ động từ + S + V (không bao giờ/hiếm khi ai đó làm gì.) Ví dụ: Peter rarely studies hard. => Rarely does Peter study hard. (Hiếm khi Peter học hành chăm chỉ.) II. Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện 1.Câu điều kiện loại 1: Should + S + V, S + will/should/may/shall + V (Nếu như thì ) Ví dụ: If the weather is nice tomorrow, we will go camping. => Should the weather be nice tommorrow, we will go camping. (Nếu ngày mai thời tiết đẹp thì chúng ta sẽ đi cắm trại.) 2. Câu điều kiện loại 2: Were S + to V/ Were S, S + would/could/might + V (Nếu như . thì ) Ví dụ: 1
2. • If I had money, I would buy that car. => Were I to have money, I would buy that car. (Nếu tôi có tiền thì tôi đã mua chiếc ô tô đó.) • If I were you, I would work harder. => Were I you, I would work harder. (Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ làm việc chăm chỉ hơn.) 3. Câu điều kiện loại 3: Had + S + PII, S + would/should/might have PII (Nếu như thì ) Ví dụ: • If she hadn’t eaten this cake, she wouldn’t have had stomachache. => Had she not eaten this cake, she wouldn’t have had stomachache. (Nếu cô ấy không ăn chiếc bánh ấy thì cô ấy sẽ không bị đau bụng.) Chú ý: Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện thì chỉ đảo ở mệnh đề if, mệnh đề sau giữ nguyên. III.Đảo ngữ miêu tả 2 hành động cùng xảy ra sát và kế tiếp nhau sau 1 lúc No sooner than Barely when . + had + S + PII + S + Ved Scarely when (ngay sau khi ) Hardly when Eg: • No sooner had he come than she left. => Hardly had he come when she left. (Ngay sau khi anh ấy đến thì cô ấy rời đi.) IV. Đảo ngữ với until It was not until that : mãi cho đến khi => Not until + trợ động từ + S + V + that + Ví dụ: • It was not I became a mother that I knew how my mother loved me. => Not until did I become a mother that I knew how my mother loved me. (Mãi cho đến khi tôi làm mẹ tôi mới biết mẹ yêu tôi đến nhường nào.) V. Hình thức đảo ngữ với although Adj/Adv + though/as + S + Be/V , Clause Ví dụ: • Although she was tired, she tried to finish her homework before going to bed. • Tired as she was, she tried to finish her homework before going to bed. (Mặc dù cô ấy mệt ,cô ấy vẫn cố gắng làm xong bài tập về nhà trước khi đi ngủ.) VI. Đảo ngữ với so that và such . that So adj/adv + trợ động từ + S + that đến nỗi mà Ví dụ: • This book is so interesting that I’ve read it many times. => So interesting is this book that I’ve read it many times. Cuốn sách này thú vị đến nỗi mà tôi đọc nó rất nhiều lần. 2
3. VII. Hình thức đảo ngữ với NO và NOT No+ N + trợ động từ + S + Verb(inf) Not any + N+ trợ động từ + S+ verb(inf) Ví dụ • No books shall I lend you from now on. = Not any money shall I lend you from now on. Từ bây giờ tôi sẽ không cho bạn mượn bất cứ quyển sách nào nữa. VIII. Hình thức đảo ngữ với ONLY • Only one: chỉ một • Only later: chỉ sau khi • Only in this way: chỉ bằng cách này • Only in that way: chỉ bằng cách kia • Only then + trợ động từ+ S+ V: chỉ sau khi • Only after+ N: chỉ sau khi • Only by V_ing / N: chỉ bằng cách này/ việc này • Only when + clause: chỉ khi • Only with + N: chỉ với • Only if+ clause: chỉ nếu như • Only in adv of time/ place: chỉ lúc/ở • Only . + trợ động từ + S + V (câu 1 mệnh đề) • hoặc Only + S + V + trợ động từ + S + V (câu 2 mệnh đề) Ví dụ: • Only one time did I meet Obama (Tôi chỉ được gặp Obama mỗi một lần.) • Only when I talked to her did I like her. (Chỉ khi tôi nói chuyện với cô ấy thì tôi mới quý cô ấy.) IX. Hình thức đảo ngữ với các cụm từ có No • At no time: không một lúc nào • On no condition: không với điều kiện nào • On no account : Không một lí do nào • Under/ in no circumstances: không một trường hợp nào • For no searson: không một lý do nào • In no way: không một cách nào • No longer: bây giờ không còn nữa • No where: không một nơi nào Ví dụ: • Under no case should you leave here. Trong bất cứ trường hợp nào bạn cũng không nên rời khỏi đây. • No longer does he live next to me. Bây giờ anh ấy không còn là hàng xóm của tôi nữa. X. Hình thức đảo ngữ với Not only but also . Not only + trợ động từ + S + V + but also . (không những mà còn) Ví dụ: • Not only is he good at History but he also sings very beautifully. Không những anh ấy giỏi lịch sử mà còn hát rất hay. 3
4. C. Các dạng bài thường gặp: 1 .Choose the best answer: Cách làm : B 1: Xác định mẫu câu, thì, chủ ngữ, trợ động từ và thành phần được đảo. B 2: Đảo trợ động từ lên trước chủ nghữ và biến đổi đọng từ cho phù hợp . 2.Rewrite the sentences: Cách làm : B 1: Xác định mẫu câu, thì, chủ ngữ, trợ động từ và thành phần được đảo. B 2: Đảo trợ động từ lên trước chủ nghữ và biến đổi đọng từ cho phù hợp . D.Những lỗi học sinh thường mắc: 1.Không đảo trợ động từ • No sooner he had come than she left. Sai • No sooner had he come than she left. Đúng 2.Đã đảo trợ động từ nhưng vẫn chia động từ Only after he came home, did he realized that he forgot his umbrella on the bus. Sai Only after he came home, did he realize that he forgot his umbrella on the bus. Đúng 3.Đảo trợ động từ trong mệnh đề thời gian Only after did he come home, he realized that he forgot his umbrella on the bus. Sai Only after he came home, did he realize that he forgot his umbrella on the bus. Đúng E.Practice: Exercise 1 1. Never ___ me again. a. will she love b. she loves c. she won't love d. she will love 2. Not only___ but she is also very intelligent a. she is beautiful b. beautiful she is c. is she beautiful d. beautiful is she 3. No sooner___ out than it rained. a. did I go b. I went c. had I gone d. I had gone 4. Seldom___ the guitar. a. he plays b. does he play c. he doesn't play d. he does play 5. Hardly___a wrok when her son came back. a. couldn't she say b. she could say c. she couldn't say d. could she say 6. Often___ a meeting. a. do we have b. we do have c. have we 4
5. d. we have 7. Many a time___ he wants to maary me a. said he b. he said c. has he said d. he has said 8. Only at weekend___ my kids to Water Park a. I don't take b. do I take c. I take d. I do take 9. So old ___ that she couldn't dance. a. She wasn't b. she was c. wasn't she d. was he 10. ___ here yesterday, you would have met me. a. Were you b. you were c. Had you been d. You had been 11. On the battle field___ a. the tanks did lie b. the tanks lay c. did the tanks lie d. lay the tanks 12. At no time___ greater opportunities. a. did women had b. has women had c. does women have d. have women had 13. Not once___ into her eyes. a. he looked b. does he looked c. did he look d. looked he 14. ___ has the work been so easy. a. Never b. only by c. When d. For 15. Now here___ such cooperative staff. a. you can find b. you found c. you could find d. can you find 16. Never before___ in an carnest attempt to resolve their differences. a. have the leaders of these two countries met 5
6. b. the leaders of these two countries have met c. have the leaders of these two countries meet d. met the leaders of these two countries 17. Not only the child, but also the grandparents___ a. is joining b. joins c. were joining d. has joined 18. Seldom___ a newspaper. a. buys Anna b. does Anna buy c. bought Anna d. Anna does buy 19. Not only___ at the post office, ___ at the grocery store. a. does Mary work/but she also works b. works Mary/but she also works c. does Mary work/but does she also work d. had entered she 20. No sooner___ the house than the phone started to ring. a. had she entered b. she had entered c. entered she d. had entered she Exercise 1. 1a 2c 3c 4b 5d 6a 7c 8b 9d 10c 11d 12d 13c 14a 15d 16a 17c 18b 19a 20a Exercise 2 1. Only by saving money___ a house. a. he buys b. he can buy c. can he buy d. buy she 2. Not even once___ the truth a. he tells b. he tell c. tells he d. has she told 3. Choose the correct inverted form. a. Into the room came the teachers b. Not only lazy she is but she is naughty c. No sooner had he drunk a cup of coffee than he asked another. d. a and c are correct 4. Not only___ beautiful but she is graceful as well. a. did she b. she was c. is she d. she is 5. No sooner___ than he begins to be washed. a. is a human being born b. was a human being born c. a human being born d. a human being had been born 6. Seldom___ treated like that. a. I have been b. am I c. I am d. I had been 7. Over there___ the shop that sells souvenirs. a. is b. are c. has d. have 8. Never before___ such a disaster. 6
7. a. they suffer b.have they suffered c. had they suffered d. they had suffered 9. Only if I had known the difference___ the more expensive car. a. would I bought b. I would have bought c. would I buy d. would I have bought 10. Neither Mary nor her friends___ going to the party. a. is b. are c. was d. a or b 11. Only once a day___ home. a. does Mary leave b. left Mary c. Mary leaves d. will Mary left 12. Only once a day___ home. a. we can speak b. can we speak c. we speak d. we cannot speak 13. Many a time___ this mistake. a. he makes b. he has made c. did he make d. will he make 14. Never___ the exact cause of earthquakes. a. scientists discovered b. did scientists discovered c. do scientists discover d. have scientists discovered 15. Nowhere else___ a. they can go b. can they go c. they can't go d. can't they go 16. Only when at home___ her children a. does she scold b. she scolds c. has she scolded d. she has scolded 17. Not a penny___ me. a. did he give b. he gave c. he has given d. he has gave 18. No longer___ women bear a lot of children. a. does b. did c. doing d. do 19. Among them___ several sacks of white flour. a. were b. is c. be d. are 20. On a hill in front of them___ a great castle. a. standing b. stands c. to stand d. stood Đáp án Exercise 2 1c 2d 3d 4c 5a 6b 7a 8b 9d 10b 11a 12d 13d 14b 15a 16c 17b 18c 19d 20b Exercise 3: Viết lại các câu sau với cấu trúc đảo ngữ bắt đầu bằng Only 1.He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired. => Only ___. 2. I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home. => Only ___. 3. It wasn’t until last week that the Agriculture Minister admitted defeat. => Only ___. 4. I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage. => Only ___. 5. They didn’t get round to business until they had finished eating. => Only ___. 6. They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left. => Only ___. 7. I didn’t realize who he was until later. => Only ___. 7
8. 8. The door could not be opened without using force. => Only ___. 9. I won’t agree until Tom’s apologized. => Only ___. 10.The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day. => Only ___. EX 3: 1. Only after he retired did he think about having a holiday abroad 2. Only when I got home did I realize how dangerous the situation had been. 3. Only until last week did the Agriculture Minister admit defeat 4. Only after seeing Hamlet on the stage did I understand it. 5. Only until they had finished eating did they get around to business. 6. Only after they had waited for 12 hours did their flight leave. 7. Only later did I realize who he was. 8. Only by using force could the door be opened. 9. Only until Tom's apologized will I agree. 10. Only by training hard every day can you become a good athlete. Exercise 4: Viết lại các câu sau với cấu trúc đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện 1. If the salary were high, the job would be worth doing. => Were ___. 2. Would you visit me if I were sent to prison? => Were ___. 3. I didn’t see the signal, so I didn’t stop. => Had___. 4. If I were rich, I could afford to buy an expensive car. => Were ___. 5. If I were you, I would tell him the truth. => Were ___. 6. If he weren’t busy right now, he could help them. => Were ___. 7. If she had said sorry, he wouldn’t have been angry. => Had___. 8
9. 8. If the computer hadn’t broken down , I wouldn’t have had to stop my work. => Had___. 9. If he hadn’t been angry, I would have said something. => Had___. 10. If his friends hadn’t been late, they wouldn’t have missed the train. => Had___. EX 4: 1. Were the salary high, the job would be worth doing. 2. Were I sent to prison would you visit me? 3. Had I seen the signal I would have stopped. 4. Were I rich and I could afford to buy an expensive car. 5.Were I you, I would tell him the truth. 6. Were he not busy right now, he could help them. 7. Had she said sorry, he wouldn’t have been angry. 8. Had the computer not broken down and I wouldn’t have had to stop my work. 9. Had I not been angry, I would have said something. 10. Had his friends not been late, they wouldn’t have missed the train. Exercise 5: Viết lại các câu sau với cấu trúc đảo ngữ So/Such 1. The weather is so beautiful that we decided to go to the beach. => So___. 2. He is so strong that he can lift the box. => So___. 3. He is such a lazy boy that no one likes him. => Such___. 4. He ate so much food that he became ill. => So___. 5. It is such hot coffee that I can't drink it. 9
10. => Such___. 6. He bought so many books that he didn't know where to put them. => So___. 7. She has such a soft voice that everyone likes her. => Such___. 8. This book is so boring that I couldn’t finish it. => So___. 9. He was such a fast speaker that we couldn’t understand him. => Such___. 10. She was so tired that she fell asleep in the armchair. => So___. EX 5: 1. So beautiful is the weather that we decided to go to the beach. 2.So strong is he that he can lift the box. 3. Such a lazy boy is he that no one likes him. 4. So much food did he eat that he became ill. 5. Such hot coffee is it that I can't drink it. 6. So many books did he buy that he didn't know where to put them. 7. Such a soft voice does she have that everyone likes her. 8. So boring is this book that I couldn’t finish it. 9. Such a fast speaker was he that we couldn’t understand him. 10. So tired was she that she fell asleep in the armchair. Bài 6. Chuyển sang dạng Đảo Ngữ: 1. He is so gentle that he never scolds anyone. => So ___ 2. He hardly bought a new bike when he had an accident. (1) => Hardly ___ (2) => No sooner ___ 3. The thief ran away. => Away ___ 4. I could drive a car only when I reached 30. 10
11. => Only when ___ 5. If he goes to school, he will have money. => Should ___ 6. The man not only beat the child but also took all her money. => Not only ___ 7. She will never accept his proposal. => At no time ___ 8. Mr. Bean rarely showed his intelligence. => Rarely ___ 9. I phoned him as soon as I went home. (1) => No sooner ___ (2) => Scarcely ___ 10. If you had followed the advice, you would have succeeded. => Had ___ 11. He dived into the sea. => Into ___ 12. If he had money, he would travel. => Were ___ 13. She is such a gentle girl that she speaks very softly. => Such ___ 14. The girl lay on the bed. => On ___ 15. It was not until she was 18 that she went abroad. => Not until ___ 16. We can only improve our skills by training hard. => Only ___ 17. They are here. => Here ___ 18. He no longer drinks coffee. => No ___ 19. He stood outside the door. => Outside ___ 20. It was not until they were robbed of money that they became more careful. => Not until ___ Đáp án: 1. So gentle is he that he never scolds anyone. 2. (1) => Hardly had he bought a new bike when he had an accident. (2) => No sooner had he bought a new bike than he had an accident. 3. Away ran the thief 4. Only when I reached 30 could I drive a car. 5. Should he go to school, he will have money. 6. Not only did the man beat the child, but he also took all her money. 7. At no time will she accept his proposal. 8. Rarely did Mr. Bean show his intelligence. 9. (1) => No sooner had I gone home than I phoned him. (2) => Scarcely had I gone home when I phoned him. 10. Had you followed the advice, you would have succeeded 11. Into the sea he dived 11
12. 12. Were he to have money, he would travel. 13. Such is a gentle girl that she speaks very softly. hoặc: Such a gentle girl is she that she speaks very softly. 14. On the bed lay the girl 15. Not until she was 18 did she go abroad. 16. Only by training hard can we improve our skills. 17. Here they are. 18. No longer does he drink coffee. 19. Outside the door he stood. 20. Not until they were robbed of money did they become more careful. III.KẾT LUẬN Trên đây là các dạng đảo ngữ cơ bản thường hay xuất hiện trong các dạng bài tập về câu đảo ngữ. Cấu trúc của đảo ngữ khá đơn giản vì nó giống với cấu trúc của câu nghi vấn ( chỉ khác là không thêm dấu hỏi lúc kết câu) Vì số lượng các dạng đảo ngữ là khá lớn nên chúng ta không nên học thuộc lòng các dạng này một cách nhồi nhét. Thay vào đó có thể nhìn vào từng dạng và tự nghĩ một ví dụ liên quan tới mình, một ví dụ điển hình để dễ nhớ. Điều này rất cần thiết để giúp chúng ta, bởi vì chỉ cần nhìn một cấu trúc và liên tưởng đến ví dụ ấy là đã có thể hiểu ra rồi. Ngoài ra, chúng ta phải thực hành nhiều và làm nhiều bài tập hơn để nắm rõ về các dạng bài tập.Với nội dung chuyên đề này chắc chắn sẽ chưa đầy đủ rất mong sự đóng góp của các đồng nghiệp để chuyên đề được hoàn thiện hơn.Tôi xin chân thành cảm ơn. Tân Hồng, ngày 11 tháng 3 năm 2021 Người thực hiện Nguyễn Thị Thanh Hải 12