Ôn tập Tiếng Anh 9 - Chuyên đề: Ôn thi vào 10 môn Tiếng Anh

Nội dung tài liệu: Ôn tập Tiếng Anh 9 - Chuyên đề: Ôn thi vào 10 môn Tiếng Anh

1. 1 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ( NN; KQ; MĐ;NB) Trường THCS Hương Mạc I TRƯỜNG THCS HƯƠNG MẠC 1 CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI VÀO 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH A. KIẾN THỨC: I.Định nghĩa: Mệnh đề trạng ngữ là mệnh đề có chức năng ngữ pháp của một trạng ngữ (bổ nghĩa cho một mệnh đề khác). Các mệnh đề trạng ngữ thường được gọi là mệnh đề phụ (là những mệnh đề không diễn tả được một ý trọn vẹn và không thể đứng độc lập). II. Các mệnh đề trạng ngữ trong bài học: 1. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân hoặc lý do (Adverb clause of cause or reason) 1.1.Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân hoặc lý do là mệnh đề có vai trò nêu nguyên nhân hoặc lý do của sự vật, hiện tượng trong câu, thường bắt đầu bằng liên từ: Because, since, as (do, vì, bởi vì) Form: : Because/Since/As + S + V, S + V Ví dụ: Because our TV set was broken, we listened to the news on the radio Since Monday is holiday, we don’t have go to work - For, Seeing that, Now (that), Due to the fact that cũng có thể dùng để bắt đầu mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân hoặc lý do; mệnh đề dùng với for thường đứng sau mệnh đề chính và cách mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy (,) Ví dụ: Seeing that the weather was bad, they didn’t do sailing John shook, for he was scrared * Lưu ý: a. Dùng because khi muốn nhấn mạnh mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do b. Dùng since, as, seeing that, due to the fact that, now (that) khi muốn nhấn mạnh mệnh đề chính.
2. 2 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ( NN; KQ; MĐ;NB) Trường THCS Hương Mạc I 1.2. Mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân hoặc lý do có thể rút gọn thành cụm từ chỉ nguyên nhân hoặc lý do: Form: Because of/ due to/ owing to + Noun/ Pronoun/ Gerund phrase ( V_ing/ Noun) Ví dụ: He went to bed because of being sleepy. (He went to bed because he was sleepy.) He was absent from class due to his mother illness. ( He was absent from class since his mother was ill). 2. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ (Adverb clause of concession) 2.1. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ là mệnh đề có vai trò làm trạng ngữ chỉ sự tương phản trong câu, mệnh đề thường bắt đầu bằng: Though, although, even though (dù, mặc dù) Form: Though/ although/ even though + clause Ví dụ: All though I was very tired, I walked all the way home. He got the job even though he had no quanlification 2.2. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ cũng có thể bắt đầu bằng: No matter, whatever, however, hoặc adjective/ adverb + as/ though Ví dụ: No matter what you say, I won’t believe you. Cold as it was, we went out (All though it was cold ) 2.3. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ có thể rút gọn thành cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ (phrase of concession) Form: Despite/ In spite of + Noun/ Pronoun/ Gerund( V_ing/ Noun) Ví dụ: In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our holiday. (Although it rained, we enjoyed our holiday) I couldn’t sleep despite being very tired. (I couldn’t sleep though I was very tired.)
3. 3 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ( NN; KQ; MĐ;NB) Trường THCS Hương Mạc I 3. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả (Adverb clause of result) 3.1. So that (quá .đến nỗi, đến nỗi mà) Form: so + adjective/ adverb + that + clause Ví dụ: The book was so good thatI couldn’t put it down * Lưu ý: a. that cũng có thể được bỏ: Ví dụ: The book was so good (that) I couldn’t put it down b. Đôi khi, để nhấn mạnh, so+ adjective được đặt ở đầu câu và theo sau là hình thức đảo ngữ của động từ: Ví dụ: So tired was I that I fell sleep + Khi tính từ là many, much, few, little thì có danh từ theo sau Form: so + many/few + plural countable noun + (that) + clause so + much/litlle + uncountable noun + (that) + clause Ví dụ: She made so many mistakes (that ) she failed the exam. She has so much money (that ) she can buy whatever she wants. Form: So + adjective + a/an + noun+ that + clause Ví dụ: It was so hot a day (that) we dicided to stay in door 3.2. Such that (quá .đến nỗi, đến nỗi mà) Form: Such ( +a/an ) +adjective + noun/ + that + clause Ví dụ: It was such a cold afternoonthat we syopprd playing It was such good coffeethat I had another cup - That cũng có thể được lược bỏ: Ví dụ: It was such a cold afternoon that we stopped playing Form: Such + noun + ( that) + clause Ví dụ: The children have made such a mess ( that) I can’t ask you in Form: Such a lot ( of ) + count/ uncount noun + ( that ) + clause Ví dụ: There was such a lot of traffic (that) I was two hours late for school.
4. 4 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ( NN; KQ; MĐ;NB) Trường THCS Hương Mạc I 4. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích ( Adverb clause of purpose ) 4.1 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích là mệnh đề có vai trò làm trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích trong câu, bắt đầu bằng: so that, in order that: (để ) Form: So that/ in order that + S + will/would/can/could + V(bare- infinitive) Ví dụ: Put the milk in the refrigerator so that it won’t spoil. I turned on the radio in order that I could listen to the news. Đôi khi ta có thể dùng thì hiện tại đơn sau ‘so that’ thay cho ‘will’; thì hiện tại đơn mang nghĩa tương lai Ví dụ: Put the milk in the refrigerator so that it doesn’t spoil. 4.2.Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích có thể rút gọn thành cụm từ chỉ mục đích (phrase of purpose) bằng động từ nguyên mẫu có to (to- infinitive) Form: In order/ so as ( + not ) + to- infinitive Ví dụ: I turned on the radio in order/so as to listen to the news. He got up early in order/ so as not to miss the bus. B. LUYỆN TẬP MỘT SỐ DẠNG BÀI THƯỜNG GẶP KHI THI VÀO LỚP 10 THPT I. Dạng trắc nghiệm liên từ. 1.Question 1. ___she is late for the lesson, she gets bad mark for the essay. A. So that B. Because C. although D. Because of Đây là mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân, kết quả, nên dùng ''because'' trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ.( because of + Noun/V-ing) Dịch nghĩa: Vì cô ấy đi học muộn nên bài tiểu luận của cô ấy bị điểm kém. 2.Question 2. She signed the contract ___ she found somes points that she was till confused. A. although B. because C. as if D. because of Đây là mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự tương phản nên dùng '' although''. Dịch nghĩa: Cô ấy ký hợp đồng dù thấy có vài điểm vẫn chưa hiểu rõ. 3.Question 3.The company makes very big profit, ___ the workers still have low salary.
5. 5 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ( NN; KQ; MĐ;NB) Trường THCS Hương Mạc I A. so that B. because C. though D. despite Đây là mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự tương phản nên dùng though. (despite + noun/V-ing) Dịch nghĩa: Công ty có lãi lớn nhưng công nhân vẫn bị trả lương rất thấp. 4.Question 4.___the hard exercises, they still do well. A. Because B.Even though C. So that D. In spite of Đây là chỉ sự tương phản nên dùng và sau chỗ trống là cụm từ nên dùng In spite of. Dịch nghĩa: Mặc dù bài tập rất khó nhưng họ vẫn làm rất tốt. II. Dạng bài viết: 1.Question1. The weather was very cold. They couldn’t go out. A. The weather was very cold and that they couldn’t go out. B. The weather was so cold that they couldn’t go out. C. The weather was not so cold that they couldn’t go out. D. The weather was very cold and that they couldn’t go out. Câu đầu chỉ nguyên nhân câu sau chỉ kết quả nên dùng mệnh đề chỉ kết quả do vậy đáp àn là câu B Dịch: Thời tiết lạnh đến nỗi họ không thể ra ngoài. 2.Question 2:The water was so cold that we couldn’n swim in it. A. The water was too cold for us to swim in it. B. The water was very cold for us to swim in. C. The water wasn’t so warm enough that we couldn’n swim in it. D. The water was too cold for us to swim in Mệnh đề chính là mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân kết quả do vậy bằng nghĩa với cấu trúc too + adj ( for +O) + to +V, do đó đáp án là câu D vì câu A thừa “ IT” Dịch: Nước quá lạnh cho chúng tôi bơi. 3.Question 3. ___, I can’t hear what he is saying. A. Because of the noise B. Because of the soft music C. Though the music is noise D. In spite of the noise music
6. 6 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ( NN; KQ; MĐ;NB) Trường THCS Hương Mạc I Mệnh đề chính chỉ kết quả/ hậu quả nên chọn đáp án A Dịch: Bởi vì tiếng ồn, tôi không thể nghe được những gì anh ấy đang nói 4.Question 4. He can’t join in the volunteer campaign ___. A. although he is busy B. because he hurts his legs C. in spite of working very hard D. because of registering for it Mệnh đề chính chỉ kết quả/ hậu quả nên chọn đáp án B Dịch: Anh ấy không thể tham ra vào chiến dịch tình nguyện này bởi vì anh ấy bị đau chân III. Dạng bài sữa lỗi sai 1.Question 1. Despite the identify of the attacker is known to the police, no name has been released. A B C D Đáp án A Giải thích: Despite/In spite of + N: mặc dù, bất chấp điều gì = Despite the fact that + S + V: mặc dù ai đó làm gì = Although/though/even though + S + V: mặc dù ai đó làm gì Sửa: despite => although Dịch nghĩa: Mặc dù danh tính của kẻ tấn công đã được cảnh sát xác định, nhưng không có cái tên nào được đưa ra. 2.Question 2 The teacher told the students to notdiscuss the take-home exam with each other A B C D Đáp án B Giải thích: (not) to V: (không) làm gì Sửa: to not => not to Dịch nghĩa: Giáo viên đã yêu cầu học sinh không bàn luận về bài kiểm tra về nhà với nhau. 3.Question 3: Despite of the increase in airfares, most people still prefer to travel by plane. A B C D Đáp án A
7. 7 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ( NN; KQ; MĐ;NB) Trường THCS Hương Mạc I Giải thích: Despite + N/Ving: mặc dù, bất chấp cái gì. Không có "despite of" nên sai. Sửa: Despite of => Despite Dịch nghĩa: Bất chấp việc tăng tiền phí máy bay, đa số mọi người vẫn thích đi bằng máy bay hơn. C. CÁC LỖI HỌC SINH HAY MẮC: I. Nhầm lẫn giữa mệnh đề - cụm từ Ví dụ: Despite (A) the identify of the (B) attacker is known to (C) the police, no (D) name has been released. Đáp án A Giải thích: Despite/In spite of + N: mặc dù, bất chấp điều gì = Despite the fact that + S + V: mặc dù ai đó làm gì = Although/though/even though + S + V: mặc dù ai đó làm gì Sửa: despite thành although II. Đặt sai "to Verb" trong các trạng từ có phủ định Ai cũng có thể nhớ "In order to V", tuy nhiên, khi thêm phủ định "not" vào thì nhiều học sinh không biết phải đặt not vào đâu: “in order not to Verb” hay “in order to not Verb”? Câu trả lời là "not" đi trước "to Verb". Ví dụ: The teacher told (A) the students to not (B) discuss (C) the take-home exam with each other (D). Đáp án B Giải thích: (not) to V: (không) làm gì Sửa: to not thành not to III. Nhầm lần giữa "Despite" và "Inspite of" Đề bài có thể ra Despite of N/V-ing, hay là Inspite N/V-ing, chúng ta cần nhìn ra ngay là hai cấu trúc này đều sai. Ví dụ: Despite of (A) the increase in airfares, most people still (B) prefer (C) to travel (D) by plane.
8. 8 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ( NN; KQ; MĐ;NB) Trường THCS Hương Mạc I Đáp án A Giải thích: Despite + N/Ving: mặc dù, bất chấp cái gì. Không có "despite of" nên sai. Sửa: despite of thành despite IV.Khi chuyển từ mệnh đề sang cụm từ thiếu danh từ riêng Ví dụ: 1. Because Jack played badly, he lost the match. Because of playing badly, he lost the match. (Sửa đúng Bause of playing badly, Jack lost the match.) 2. Because John was sick, he had to go to see the doctor Because of being sick, he had to go to see the doctor (Sửa đúng Because of being sick, John had to go to see the doctor.) D. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG: I.Bài 1 Combine the sentences, using the word in bracket. 1. The traffic was heavy. We were late to the meeting. (due to ) 2. Harry broke his leg. He had to stay in hospital. (because) Rewrite the following sentences using the word in brackets and making any other neccessery changes 3. We went to the cinema but we didn’t see the film. (though) 4. The weather was cold but I went swimming. (despite) Combine the sentences by using so (that) or such (that) 5. We did a lot of gymnastics. We couldn’t walk afterwards. 6. The car was expensive. We couldn’t afford to buy it. 7. It was a long way. We felt very tired. 8. The tree was tall. We couldn’t see the top. Combine the ideas using so that/ in order that/ so as to/ in order to 9. I keep the window open. I want to let fresh air in.
9. 9 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ( NN; KQ; MĐ;NB) Trường THCS Hương Mạc I 10. I hurried. I didn’t want to be late. Đáp án: Combine the sentences, using the word in bracket. 1. We were late to the meeting due to the heavy traffic . 2.Harry had to stay in hospital because he broke his leg. Rewrite the following sentences using the word in brackets and making any other neccessery changes 3. Though we went to the cinema, we didn’t see the film. 4. I went swimming despite the cold weather Combine the sentences by using so (that) or such (that) 5. We did such a lot of gymnastics (that) we couldn’t walk afterwards. 6. The car was so expensive ( that) we couldn’t afford to buy it. 7. It was such a long way (that) we felt very tired. 8. The tree was so tall (that) we couldn’t see the top. Combine the ideas using so that/ in order that/ so as to/ in order to 9. I keep the window open so as/ in order to let fresh air in. 10. I hurried so / in order that I wouldn’t want to be late. II. Bài 2:Join each pair of sentences, using the word or phrase in brackets. 1. Hoa was born in Doc So craft village. She knows the process of making pottery. (BECAUSE) ___ 2. We decided to take rooms in Longwood House. We knew we could not afford the rent. (EVEN THOUGH) ___ 3. My mom instructed me through 15 stages of making a conical hat. I could make one forme. (SOTHAT) ___ 4. I was not enjoying the party. I wanted to leave early. (AS) ___
10. 10 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ( NN; KQ; MĐ;NB) Trường THCS Hương Mạc I 5. I went to Malaysia last year. I wanted to experience a whole new world. (IN ORDER TO) ___ 6. I attended a knitting workshop last Sunday. I don’t know how to knit a scarf. (ALTHOUGH) Đáp án 1. Hoa knows the process of making pottery because she was born in Doc So craft village. 2. We decided to take rooms in Longwood House even though we knew we could not afford the rent./Even though we knew we could not afford the rent, we decided to take rooms in Longwood House. 3.My mom instructed me through 15 stages of making a conical hat so that I couldmake one for me. 4.I wanted to leave earlyas I was not enjoying the party./ As I was not enjoying the party,I wanted to leave early. 5, I went to Malaysia last year in order to experience a whole new world. 6. Although I attended a knitting workshop last Sunday, I don’t know how to knit a scarf ./ I don’t know how to knit a scarfalthough I attended a knitting workshop last Sunday. III. Bài 3:Mark the letter a, b, c or d to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair ofsentences. 1. The water is very cold in January. We go swimming anyway. a. When the water is very cold in January, we go swimming anyway. b. As the water is very cold in January, we go swimming anyway. c. The water is very cold in January if we go swimming anyway. d. Although the water is very cold in January, we go swimming anyway. 2. The water was very rough. The lifeguards made all of the swimmers leave the water. a. Since the water was very rough, the lifeguards made all of the swimmers leave the water. b. The water was very rough so that the lifeguards made all of the swimmers leave the water. c. The water was very rough because the lifeguards made all of the swimmers leave d. The lifeguards made all of the swimmers leave the water though the water was very rough. 3. Ticket prices might be more expensive. Going to the movies is still much cheaper
11. 11 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ( NN; KQ; MĐ;NB) Trường THCS Hương Mạc I than going to a concert. a. Ticket prices might be more expensive then going to the movies is still much cheaper than going to a concert. b. Ticket prices might be more expensive that going to the movies is still much cheaper than going to a concert. c. Going to the movies is still much cheaper than going to a concert since ticket prices might be more expensive. d. Going to the movies is still much cheaper than going to a concert although ticket prices might be more expensive. 4. You need to plan your trip to South America carefully. You don’t spend all your money too quickly. a. You need to plan your trip to America carefully so that you don’t spend all your money too quickly. b. You need to plan your trip to America carefully although you don’t spend all your money too quickly. c. You need to plan your trip to America carefully as you don’t spend all your money too quickly. d. Even though you need to plan your trip to America carefully, you don’t spend all your money too quickly. 5. Richard is very wealthy. He can afford to buy almost anything he wants. a. Although Richard is very wealthy, he can afford to buy almost anything he wants. b. Richard is so wealthy that he can afford to buy almost anything he wants. c. Richard is very wealthy so that he can afford to buy almost anything he wants. d. Richard can afford to buy almost anything he wants, but he is very wealthy Đáp án: 1. d 2. a 3. d 4. a 5. b